The Day of Judgment, Resurrection
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيم
Praise be to God the Creator of the world, the One Who exists without beginning, without end, without location, without a “how” and Who does not depend on time. Nothing resembles Him in anyway and He hears and sees everything without organs. Whatever you imagine, God is different from that. May the elevation in degree and preservation of his community of what he fears for it, be granted to our master Muḥammad Al-‘Amin, the Honest One, who called for following Islam, the religion of truth, the religion of all the Prophets: of the First, Adam, to the last Muḥammad.
Among what the Prophet conveyed and is obligatory to believe in are: the Day of Judgment, Resurrection, and Assembly.
The Day of Judgment. Doomsday
It is also called the Qiyamah Day. It begins when the people come out of their graves and lasts until the people of Paradise reside in Paradise and the people of Hell in Hell. On that day, the sun will be very close to the heads of the people. Also, many hardships will occur from which the pious Muslims will be safe. The people will be gathered for the judgment, and their deeds will be presented to them. Also, their deeds will be weighed in the Balance. One pan will hold the good deeds and one pan will hold the bad deeds.
Resurrection
It is when the graves open and the people come out of them for the judgment. The bodies that have decayed will be recreated. These will be the bodies of other than the prophets and martyrs. The Earth will not eat the bodies of such honorable people, i.e., their bodies will not decay. Similarly, the Earth will not eat the bodies of some highly righteous Muslims (waliyys), i.e., their bodies will not decay.
Assembly
This occurs after Resurrection. The people will be gathered at a place to be questioned about their deeds. This place is the changed Earth. This Earth that we are on now will be changed on the Day of Judgment to a flat Earth with no mountains or valleys.
The assembled people are in three categories:
1. The first type will be assembled fed, riding, and dressed. These people are the pious Muslims who were in this life performing the obligations and avoiding the sins.
2. The second type will be assembled barefoot and naked. These are the Muslim major sinners.
3. The third and final type will be assembled and dragged on their faces. These are the blasphemers.
It was mentioned concerning the torture of the arrogant people that they would be gathered having the size of ants but the shape of humans. As an insult, the other people will step on the arrogant people, but they will not die.
Al-Hakim narrated from the route of Ibn ^Umar that the Messenger of Allâh said:
{ منْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلى يَوْمِ القِيَامَةِ فَلْيَقْرَأْ إِذَا الشَّمْسُ كُـوِّرَت }
This means: "The one who desires to envision the Day of Judgment let him read Surat at-Takwîr".
Allāh said in the Holy Qur’an:
إِذَا الشَّمْسُ كُوِّرَتْ ﴿١﴾ وَإِذَا النُّجُومُ انكَدَرَتْ ﴿٢﴾ وَإِذَا الْجِبَالُ سُيِّرَتْ ﴿٣﴾ وَإِذَا الْعِشَارُ عُطِّلَتْ ﴿٤﴾ وَإِذَا الْوُحُوشُ حُشِرَتْ ﴿٥﴾ وَإِذَا الْبِحَارُ سُجِّرَتْ ﴿٦﴾ وَإِذَا النُّفُوسُ زُوِّجَتْ ﴿٧﴾ وَإِذَا الْمَوْءُودَةُ سُئِلَتْ ﴿٨﴾ بِأَيِّ ذَنبٍ قُتِلَتْ ﴿٩﴾ وَإِذَا الصُّحُفُ نُشِرَتْ ﴿١٠﴾
In interpreting ayahs 1-10 in Surat-At-Takwir the scholars of Islam said: on the Day of Judgment the sun will be gathered and wrapped and thrown into Hellfire. The stars scatter and drop and lose their light ; the mountains are wrenched out from the earth and leveled as earth was first created without mountains or valleys.
^Ishar (عِشَارُ) is the plural of ^ushara’ (عُشَرَاء) which is the pregnant she-camel. Such a camel is very precious to her owners, yet they have to leave her untended, without a shepherd and without one milking her, because they are overwhelmed by other matters. this similitude alludes to the Day of Judgment when no one pays any heed to what he used to have. ^Uttilat (عُطِّلَت) means left out and neglected due to being occupied by the dire events of the Day of Judgment.
This refers to when the beasts are gathered after Resurrection. Ibn ^Abbas said: The beasts will be gathered on that day to take their due from one another, after which they will turn into soil. Although the beasts are not accountable for their deeds, still this happens to elucidate the Justice of the Creator. This ayah also carries an explicit proof that animals have souls.
Imam Al-Bukhariyy commented in his Sahih that al-Hasan said this ayah means: The water of the oceans will be gone, without any drop left. ^Aliyy Ibn Abi Talib and Ibn ^Abbas said sujjirat (سُـجِّرَت) means ‘will be lit in a blaze,’ as reported by al-Qurtubiyy.
Imam al-Bukhariyy narrated in his commentaries that ^Umar Ibn al-Khattab used to say about the meaning of this ayah: " the man among the people of Paradise will be wed to his equal, and the man among the people of Hellfire will be wed to his equal.’
This ayah refers to the abhorrent practice of some during the Era of Ignorance of burying the female infants born to them while they were still alive. The man preferred to kill his own female infant out of fear that she might be disgraced if captured in a raid or sold into slavery, or out of fear of poverty. The honorable people at the time refrained from such a practice and stopped others from doing it. The significance of her being asked is to severely reprimand the doer of such an abhorrent deed.
This is a narrative of the statement with which she would be addressed. Her reply would be, “I was murdered for no reason.” By this, the abhorrence of the act stands out and the murderers would be clearly exposed.
The meaning of this ayah is: The journals in which the angels record the good and bad deeds of those concerned will be folded by death, and then laid open again on the Day of Judgment. Then every person will stand at his journal and learn what is written in it and would say as Allāh told us in Surah al-Kahf, 49:
وَوُضِعَ الْكِتَابُ فَتَرَى الْمُجْرِمِينَ مُشْفِقِينَ مِمَّا فِيهِ وَيَقُولُونَ يَا وَيْلَتَنَا مَالِ هَـٰذَا الْكِتَابِ لَا يُغَادِرُ صَغِيرَةً وَلَا كَبِيرَةً إِلَّا أَحْصَاهَا ۚ وَوَجَدُوا مَا عَمِلُوا حَاضِرًا ۗ وَلَا يَظْلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَدًا ﴿٤٩﴾
This means: "This book, wondrously, does not skip counting neither a small nor an enormous matter".
Knowing that everlasting enjoyments await the Muslim in Paradise and everlasting torture in Hellfire awaits the one who dies a non-Muslim should make every Muslim anxious to hold firmly to his Religion. The person, who desires a good ending, will do his utmost to comply with all what is obligatory upon him and avoid what is forbidden, and above all, will endeavor to preserve his faith in Islam and to protect it from apostasy (riddah) which invalidates and abolishes it, may Allāh protect us from this.
https://www.islam.ms/en/?p=46
