The Types of Blasphemy and Blasphemers (Kufr)
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيم
Praise be to Allâh, the Lord of the worlds. May Allâh raise the rank of our master Muhammad and his Al and Companions and protect his nation from that which he fears for it. Thereafter:
Allâh, ta`âlâ, said in the Qur'ân:
﴿ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ مَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ فَلَن يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ ﴾
(inna l-ladhîna kafarû wa Saddû `an sabîli lLâhi thumma mâtû wa hum kuffârun falan yaghfira l-Lâhu lahum)
Ayah 34 of Surah Muḥammad means: « Those who blaspheme and prevent others from embracing Islam, then die as blasphemers, will not be forgiven by Allâh. »
Blasphemy is the opposite of belief, just as darkness is the opposite of light. It is of three types: likening God to the creation (tashbih), contradicting (takdhîb), and denying (ta`Tîl).
tashbih: Likening Allāh to His creation. An example is to say or believe that Allāh has legs.
takdhib: Contradicting the honorable Qur'ân or what was undoubtedly related from the Prophet and known by every Muslim scholar, like negating the resurrection of the bodies and souls, or negating the obligation of prayer, fasting, or zakah.
ta`Tîl Negating or denying the existence of Allāh. This type is the most blasphemous. Likewise is denying any of Allāh’s Thirteen Attributes.
Blasphemers are of two types. One is the original blasphemer. The other one is the apostate (murtadd).
The original blasphemer is the one who was born to two blasphemous parents and reached pubescence on a blasphemous belief.
The apostate (murtadd) is the person who was Muslim, then committed one of the types of blasphemy (riddah).
Allâh, ta`âlâ, said in the Qur'ân:
﴿ وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نَخُوضُ وَنَلْعَبُ قُلْ أَبِاللّهِ وَآيَاتِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ كُنتُمْ تَسْتَهْزِؤُونَ لاَ تَعْتَذِرُواْ قَدْ كَفَرْتُم ﴾
(qul 'abillâhi wa 'âyâtihi wa rasûlihi kuntum tastahzi'ûn. Lâ ta`tadhirû qad kafartum ba`da îmânikum)
Ayahs 65-66 of Surat tawbah mean: { O Muhammad, say: Do you mock Allāh, His verses, and His Messenger? Do not offer excuses. Now you are judged as blasphemers, after you were judged as Muslims. }
Apostasy (Riddah) is leaving Islam. It is among the most abhorrent type of blasphemy. Hence, it is obligatory on every Muslim to preserve his Islam and protect it from apostasy (riddah), which invalidates his Islam. May Allāh protect us from it.
The categories of blasphemy: The scholars classified blasphemy into three categories: blasphemy of belief, blasphemy of action, and blasphemy of saying.
Each category of these categories is divided into many subdivisions:
Examples of the blasphemy of belief include:
- Denying the existence of Allâh.
- Believing that Allâh does not have the Power to do something.
- Believing Allâh is ignorant.
- Believing that Allāh is a body, light, or a soul.
- Believing that drinking alcohol or stealing is permissible.
- Believing that Allāh did not obligate the five prayers, fasting the month of Ramadan, paying Zakah, or making Hajj.
Examples of the blasphemy of action include:
- To throw the Qur’an or other Islamic papers purposely in the trash.
- To prostrate to an idol, or the sun, or to any other creation with the intention of worshipping it.
- To write ayahs of the Qur’an in urine.
Examples of the blasphemy of saying include:
- Cursing Allāh, His prophets, angels, Islam, or the Qur’an.
- Mocking the prayer or fasting.
The Messenger of Allāh, sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam, said:
« إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بِالْكَلِمَةِ لاَ يَرَى بِهَا بَأْساً يَهْوِي بِهَا فِي النَّارِ سَبْعِينَ خَرِيفًا »
(inna l-`abda layatakallamu bil-kalimati lâ yarâ bihâ basan yahwî bihâ fi n-nâri sab`îna kharîfâ)
Which means: « A slave may utter a word that he deems harmless that may result in his falling the depth of seventy years into Hellfire. » [Related by at-tirmidhiyy]
Falling the distance of seventy years means falling to the deepest bottom of Hellfire, which is reserved for the blasphemers. This hadith is a proof that it is not a condition for falling into blasphemy that one knows the judgment, or feels happy with, or believes in the uttered words.
The Messenger of Allāh, Salla l-Lâhu `alayhi wa sallam, said:
« أَكْثَرُ خَطَايَا ابْنِ ءَادَمَ مِنْ لِسَانِهِ »
('aktharu khaTâyâ bni 'Âdama min lisânih)
Which means: « Most of one's sins are from one’s tongue. » [Related by at-Tabaraniyy]
The Rule: Any belief, action, or saying which belittles Allāh, His Books, His Messengers, His Angels, His Rites, the well-known practices of His Religion, His Rules, His Promise, or His Threat is blasphemy. So, one must use caution with one’s utmost effort to avoid blasphemy at all times.
Benefit: The scholars said: Denying what is commonly known among the Muslims to be a part of the Religion is blasphemy. For something to be commonly known to be part of the Religion means that it is a matter that is known by all Muslims, both the laypeople and the scholars alike. In other words, it is not something known only by scholars. This is like the obligation of the five prayers, fasting Ramadan, the permissibility of buying and selling, and the unlawfulness of drinking alcohol and stealing.
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